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Franklin Israel Moses, Jr. (1838December 11, 1906) was a South Carolina lawyer and editor who became actives as a Republican politician in the state during the Reconstruction era, elected as governor in 1872 and serving into 1874. Enemies labelled him as the 'Robber Governor', but a 21st-century biographer suggests his crimes were limited compared to those of later Democrats Wade Hampton III and Ben Tillman, who contributed to murders of numerous blacks.〔Ginsberg, 2010, p. 2.〕 Although a secessionist before the war, Moses was ready to make alliances in the new society afterward. He served in the state legislature from 1868 to 1872, where he was elected as speaker of the House. He supported integration of the state university, establishing new social programs and public funding of old-age pensions, and created a black militia to help protect freedmen from white paramilitary insurgents. He was also unusual for hosting African Americans socially, both as governor and a private citizen.〔 When Moses was young, his middle initial was confused for the letter ''J,'' and thereafter he became known simply as Franklin J. Moses, Jr.; his father also adopted use of the "J."〔Gregorie, p. 94-95, 326-637.〕 His father Franklin J. Moses, Sr. was an attorney who served as a South Carolina state senator for more than 20 years; in 1866 he was elected as judge to the circuit court, and in 1868 as Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court. ==Early life and career== Moses was born in 1838 in Sumter District, South Carolina, to attorney Franklin J. Moses, Sr. and Jane McLellan. His father was born and reared in a prominent Jewish family of Charleston of Iberian and German descent; and his Scots-Irish mother was a Methodist. Moses was raised as an Episcopalian and was never affiliated with Judaism,〔Elzas, p. 199.〕〔Reznikoff, p. 160.〕 but he was widely regarded as Jewish because Southerners placed so much emphasis on paternal heritage; his political enemies tried to promote this perception as a tool against him.〔Ginsberg, 2010, p. 1.〕 He enrolled at South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) in 1855, but was honorably dismissed from the freshman class the same year. After reading the law, Moses was admitted to the bar in South Carolina. In 1860 he was appointed as the private secretary of Governor Francis Wilkinson Pickens, a supporter of secession, at the outbreak of the Civil War, Moses was commissioned as Colonel in the Confederate Army; he served as an enrolling officer for the Confederate Conscription Acts. Moses claimed to have personally lowered the United States flag from over Fort Sumter in 1861.〔Williamson, p. 374.〕 Like his father, Moses married a Gentile (non-Jewish) woman, Emma Buford Richardson (1841-1920), on December 20, 1869. They had four children together, Franklin J. III (b. 1860); Mary Richardson (b. 12 Sept 1862); Jeannie McLellan, named for his mother (b. 20 Jan 1867-d. 7 Feb 1938), Sumter, South Carolina; and Emma Buford Moses (b. 21 Nov 1872). From June 1, 1866 to September 26, 1867, Moses was editor of the Sumter ''News,'' a Conservative paper. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Franklin J. Moses, Jr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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